If You're One of the 4.1 Million People Retiring in 2025, Open a CD Before Rates Decrease

Business and Finance Business and Finance

Thu, January 16, 2025

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - timesnownews

UPI Goes Global: NIPL and Magnati Bring QR-Based Payments to UAE Merchants

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - MSN

US Firm Behind Adani Scandal Investigation Announces Closure

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - Reuters

Bank CEOs expect Trump bump to business as profits surge

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - MSN

THIS man married an actress who made her debut wi .. kh Khan and has net worth Rs 110 crore, she is...

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - MSN

Why is Apple replacing Goldman Sachs as its credit card partner?

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - TechRadar

Identifying the evolving security threats to AI models

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - NDTV

The Difference Between Interim Budget And Full Budget

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - Forbes

Five Web3 Trends To Watch In 2025: AI, DePINs, RWAs And Beyond

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - sinchew

HKPC "ForeSight 2025" Explores Economic Future and Champions Sustainable Development in Hong Kong

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - cnbctv18

Budget 2025 Expectations LIVE Updates: Key expect .. ster Nirmala Sitharaman's February 1 presentation

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - Reuters

Indian central bank's daily liquidity infusion to aid money markets, traders say

[ Thu, Jan 16th ] - MSN

Opening Bell: 1.15.25

Wed, January 15, 2025

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - YourTango

People Who Master These 10 Challenges Almost Always End Up In Jobs They Love

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Forbes

Why Digitization Will Transform The Small Business Economy Under Trump

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Forbes

The Future Of Finance: 2025 Is Calling

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Investopedia

Wondering if a College Degree Pays Off? See How It Affects Lifetime Income

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Newsroom

Taxing charities' business income would have 'devastating' impact on communities

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Forbes

Strategic Networking For CFOs In Transition

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - NDTV

Union Budget 2025: Expectations Of Indian Startups From FM Nirmala Sitharaman

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Kiplinger

Citigroup Stock Jumps on Earnings, $20 Billion Stock Buyback News

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Reuters

Novo Banco owners to receive $1.34 bln when bank makes first dividend payment

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - MSN

Applied Digital Corporation (NASDAQ:APLD) Q2 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Stockhouse

MineHub's 2024 Annual Update and Strategic Outlook for 2025

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Euronews

Kazakhstan's digital economy: Fintech growth, cashless payments, and cybercrime prevention

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - bnnbloomberg

Trudeau and the premiers meet to discuss a response to Trump's threatened tariffs

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - MSN

JPMorgan notches another record year of profits

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Forbes

Unleashing Your Financial Superpowers With AI

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Reuters

Goldman Sachs profit surges as investment banking, trading fuel bumper quarter

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - AOL

Bitcoin and stocks have been moving in sync: Morning Brief

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - WSPA

Upstate finance professional breaks down biggest tax changes for 2025

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Reuters

BNY fourth-quarter profit rises on boost from higher fee income

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - ProPublica

Tribal Lenders Say They Can Charge Over 600% Interest. These States Stopped Them.

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - SHINE

Shanghai economy surpasses US$695.6 billion in 2024

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - Reuters

UK banks resist mortgage rate hikes amid money market turmoil

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - MSN

Sluggish domestic demand leads to job market decline

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - timesnownews

ITR Filing Deadline: Check Last Date To File Late ITR, Penalties And Other Details

[ Wed, Jan 15th ] - MSN

Exclusive: Brooks Macdonald makes senior layoffs

Tue, January 14, 2025

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Emirates247

MoHESR and DEWA join forces to align the scholarship programme with national priorities

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Kiplinger

How Another Trump Presidency Will Impact the Stock Market in 2025

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - MSN

Americans lost out on $420B in bank loans because of the Federal Reserve, new research says

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Yahoo

Company Says Its Sexy Robot "Companions" No Longer Have Genitals and Are "Not Meant for Sex"

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Reuters

U.S. sanctions: Russia's Arctic oil feels the chill

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Investopedia

What's Behind Surging Business Optimism? Likely Some of Trump's Proposals

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Forbes

19 Strategies For Managing Costs In Uncertain Markets

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Forbes

The Future Of Accuracy In Healthcare Is Within Reach

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Reuters

US and European stocks rise as bond sell-off abates, focus on inflation

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - MSN

Trump wants to 'save' TikTok. One rescuer could be Elon Musk.

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Reuters

JPMorgan names CEO contender Jennifer Piepszak as its operations chief

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - MSN

5 Cities That Are Likely To Thrive Once Trump Takes Office

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Firstpost

Will Union Budget 2025 deliver on financial sector reforms?

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Forbes

How To Prepare Financial Statements For A Future Public Company

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Tuko

Kenya Railways Announces Several Career Opportunities with January Deadline

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Forbes

Conversational AI Trends For 2025 And Beyond

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Kiplinger

Irrevocable Trusts: So Many Options to Lower Taxes and Protect Assets

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - ThePrint

Small Finance Banks' growth to moderate to 18-20 pc in FY2025: Report

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - Reuters

India to forecast stronger growth next year while sticking to fiscal deficit goals, sources say

[ Tue, Jan 14th ] - MSN

Sagittarius Daily Horoscope Today (Nov 22- Dec 21), January 14, 2025: Maintain generosity!

Mon, January 13, 2025

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - MSN

Sagittarius: Your finance horoscope - January 14

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - WDRB

Yum! Brands promotes Taco Bell president to lead KFC Division

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - Emirates247

UAE and Uzbekistan explore ways to enhance econom .. ew economy, FinTech, tourism and entrepreneurship

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - SiliconANGLE

Moonpay acquires Helio to enhance cryptocurrency commerce and trading infrastructure

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - Investopedia

Salary vs. Hourly Pay: What's the Difference?

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - BBC

Chancellor will remain for all of Parliament, Downing Street says

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - CNET

Rocket Money Review 2025

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - Reuters

Risky ships must be identified to protect undersea cables, EU's Virkkunen says

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - AOL

Female founders jump into action to provide relief for Los Angeles wildfire victims

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - CFO

A CFO action plan for 2025

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - CNET

IRS 1099-K Update: Venmo, PayPal and Cash App Users Should Know About This New Tax Rule

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - Forbes

Top 10 Trends For Banking In 2025 - The Future Is Back

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - Forbes

3 Billion-Dollar Entrepreneur Lessons From World Chess Champion Gukesh

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - Forbes

Newlab To Launch A Saudi Hub. First Focus: Mining Startups

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - sinchew

HKICPA participates in the Asian Financial Forum .. lores new growth engines in global sustainability

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - Forbes

The Right Time To Start Planning Your Business Sale

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - CIO

10 top priorities for CIOs in 2025

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - Reuters

Italian bank deposits' growth accelerates further in November

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - Reuters

Commerzbank chairman sees little chance of amicable UniCredit merger, report says

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - MSN

Leo, Weekly Horoscope, January 12 to January 18, 2025: Challenges may appear midweek

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - MSN

Sagittarius Daily Horoscope Today (Nov 22- Dec 21), January 13, 2025: Team spirit will improve!

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - MSN

China, UK restart economic and financial talks after 6-year hiatus

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - Reuters

Australia's Star Entertainment pares losses after slipping to record low

[ Mon, Jan 13th ] - timesnownews

Bank Holiday Today? Here's Whether Banks Are Open .. n Monday, January 13, Amid Lohri 2025 Festivities

Sun, January 12, 2025

[ Sun, Jan 12th ] - Reuters

US bank regulator gives BlackRock February deadline on bank stakes, Bloomberg reports

[ Sun, Jan 12th ] - MSN

Major employers slamming the brakes on job creation

[ Sun, Jan 12th ] - Reuters

Global air finance summit to take stock of jet shortages, trade risks

[ Sun, Jan 12th ] - MSN

How Kate Middleton's Parents Really Lost So Much Money

[ Sun, Jan 12th ] - Couriermail

'Ignored': 27yo reveals sad reality of shopping in Australia

[ Sun, Jan 12th ] - AOL

Top plays among the 'Magnificent 7' and Big Tech stocks as Trump returns to the White House

[ Sun, Jan 12th ] - dailyinvestor

Inflation, interest rates, and NHI - Dawie Roodt's outlook for 2025

[ Sun, Jan 12th ] - MSN

Skechers Went After the Customers Nike Didn't. It Paid Off.

[ Sun, Jan 12th ] - businessday

Benefits of Rite Foods graduate trainee programme

[ Sun, Jan 12th ] - MSN

Q3 results this week: RIL, Infosys, HCL Tech, Jio .. dra Bank among 101 companies to announce earnings

Sat, January 11, 2025

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - AOL

This Artificial Intelligence (AI) Fintech Could Be One of The Largest IPOs in 2025

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - Couriermail

'There is a risk': Fears tanking Aussie dollar will 'raise costs'

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - MSN

3 Top Warren Buffett Stocks to Buy in 2025

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - businessday

Meet three UNILAG's chosen personalities for 55th convocation honorary degree award

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - AOL

The next phase of DeFi: Fintechs and exchanges will take the lead

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - Forbes

Supply-Siders Battle Their Tariff Critics

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - Indiatimes

Microsoft, Amazon, The Washington Post, and other US companies laying off in 2025

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - businessday

Here are what to expect from consumer goods firms in 2025

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - Reuters

Bankers hope for IPO revival in 2025 as high-profile listings stack up

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - MSN

A Complete Guide To Purchasing A Cessna Citation Business Jet In 2025

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - Investopedia

If You're One of the 4.1 Million People Retiring in 2025, Open a CD Before Rates Decrease

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - ABC

China and UK restart economic and financial talks after 6-year hiatus

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - MSN

Facing market pain, UK's Reeves says 'pragmatic' China ties will help growth

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - Newsweek

US Companies Pay Over $1 Billion in Taxes to Russia Amid Ongoing Ukraine War

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - timesnownews

Top Fixed Deposit Schemes For 2025: Top FD Offers From SBI, IDBI, Indian Bank, And More

[ Sat, Jan 11th ] - MSN

January 11, 2025, Birthday Forecast: A promising year of prosperity and stability

Fri, January 10, 2025

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - AOL

Can Carlyle catch up? Storied PE firm tries to reclaim its former glory

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - WTEN

SUNY Empire launching online business program fully in Spanish

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - cnbctv18

What is self-assessment tax and how to pay it online: A step-by-step guide

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - MoneyWeek

Fund flows flip positive after Budget and US election

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - Yahoo

The 20 best small cities in the US

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - MSN

The US is tightening its grip on one of the key pillars of Russia's economy

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - AOL

How to pick a stock: 5 essential steps for beginners

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - Yahoo

Donald Trump avoids jail in Stormy Daniels hush money trial

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - Kiplinger

TikTok Ban: U.S. Supreme Court to Make Key Decision on Free Speech

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - Reuters

Oil settles up 1% as cold weather in US, Europe drives winter fuel demand

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - MSN

Taurus Daily Horoscope Today (April 20- May 20), January 10, 2025: Simplicity will increase!

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - cnbctv18

What is self-assessment tax and how to pay online: A step-by-step guide

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - Goodreturns

1:2 Stock Split of Auto Stock: 31st January Record Date; Top Pick For 2025?

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - Newsday

NYS expands free tax filing option to include residents making up to $200,000

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - MSN

Pacific Palisades fire may spell an end to cheap homeowners insurance in California

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - Reuters

BlackRock seeks to push FDIC bank oversight deadline to March

[ Fri, Jan 10th ] - Reuters

UK discount retailer B&M narrows annual core profit forecast

Thu, January 9, 2025

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - Forbes

2025 Trends In Retail, Franchising, And The Gig Economy

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - cnbctv18

RenewBuy launches Smart Term Plan for working professionals and small business owners

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - ABC

Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass pushes back against criticism over management of wildfires

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - AOL

Truist Securities Starts 4 Top Dividend-Paying Financials With Buy Ratings

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - Forbes

The Best Cities For Jobs In 2025

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - Kiplinger

California Fires: How to Recover Your Important Records

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - CNET

Traveling This Winter? Here's How to Get TSA PreCheck for Free

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - AOL

When you will earn miles on a flight and when you won't

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - AOL

Higher egg prices may extend far into 2025, and egg producers like Cal-Maine could benefit

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - Techopedia

Big Tech Stock Predictions for 2025: Winners & Losers

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - Observer

An American Sovereign Wealth Fund Could Be the Missing Piece in Supporting Working Families

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - cnbctv18

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - Forbes

How AI Is Dialing Up Efficiency And Value In The Telecom Industry

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - MSN

New Mountain CEO Klinsky: Private equity has gone from a 'form of finance' to a 'form of business'

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - cnbctv18

What are the different types of income that are taxable in India

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - Reuters

Shein aims for London IPO by mid-year, sources say

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - MSN

Leo Daily Horoscope Today (July 23- Aug 22) January 9, 2025: You will increase harmony!

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - CoinDesk

XRP May Surge 40% as 'Trump Effect' Boosts Ripple Sentiment

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - Tuko

Donald Kipkorir Sparks Reactions After Asking Govt to Print Money to Finance Public Expenditure

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - MSN

Indonesia is a 'hotspot' for Chinese companies in logistics, supply chain, SF group says

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - Oneindia

Srinivasa Chakravarthy Seethala: Transforming Data Warehousing Across Key Sectors

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - Reuters

J&J pauses US rollout of Varipulse heart device after stroke reports

[ Thu, Jan 09th ] - Reuters

Apollo to boost staffing for Japan and Asia wealth, top regional exec says

Wed, January 8, 2025

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - KFGO

Democrats say US Senate Republicans rushing confirmation of Interior nominee Burgum

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - Covers

Minnesota Restarts Sports Betting Debate Focused on 'Problems,' Not Perks

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - TechRepublic

How to Pick the Right Omnichannel Contact Center

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - MSN

Disney's sports strategy could make everyone's streaming headache even worse

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - cfodive

CFOs seek 'right mix' of skills for 2025: Gartner

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - CoinTelegraph

Trash collectors in Africa earn crypto to support families with ReFi

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - BBC

From Trump to a 'game-changing' lawsuit: Seven big climate and nature moments coming in 2025

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - Forbes

7 Experts Predict Small Business Trends For 2025

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - Kiplinger

Why You Should Check Your College's Financial Health

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - GQ

7 highest paid skills to master in 2025 and earn big

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - CNET

Yes, You Can Get Up to $4,000 Now With a Tax Refund Advance -- but It's Risky

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - Forbes

Trump's Pick For The SBA Struggled To Run Her Own Small Business

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - MSN

Women and 50-somethings 'less likely than average to feel upbeat about finances'

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - Yahoo

Commercial real estate 2025: Demand will continue in PBC for offices, shops, stores

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - Investopedia

MCA Loan: What It Is, How It Works

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - Reuters

Indian railways spend over $22 billion on modernisation

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - Forbes

Best Budgeting Apps Of January 2025

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - manilatimes

eQ Community Properties Fund acquired properties from Ilmarinen

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - cnbctv18

GST exemption on leasehold land transfer: Implications for industry, government, and the economy

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - Reuters

India's Modi looks to new economic playbook as risks mount

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - Reuters

China expands consumer trade-in scheme to revive economic growth

[ Wed, Jan 08th ] - MSN

Stock market today: Asian shares slip after Wall St slumps despite strong US economic data

Tue, January 7, 2025

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - Indiatimes

Sensex Today | Stock Market LIVE Updates: GIFT Ni .. y signals a muted start; Asian shares trade lower

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - Investopedia

Top 6 Websites for Finding a Company's Financial Stats

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - Reuters

Los Angeles wildfire prompts evacuations amid extreme winds

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - BBC

From a Trump presidency to 'game-changing' lawsui .. ven big climate and nature moments coming in 2025

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - Forbes

China Market Update: No Executive Order Means No Problem For US Investors

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - Inc

How Trump's Mass Deportation Plans Could Reverse GDP Growth

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - AOL

How recruitment will change in 2025, according to .. p HR leaders from Hilton, PwC, and Ally Financial

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - Politico

Wall Street's messy climate journey

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - SMU

Jay Hartzell named next President of SMU

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - insurancebusinessmag

The Hartford appoints Annette Rippert to board

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - cnbctv18

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - CNET

I Teach People Tips to Travel for Free. Here's How They Earn 50% More in Points and Miles

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - cfodive

Key FinOps trends for CFOs to watch in 2025

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - Reuters

Automakers to pool CO2 emissions with Tesla, Mercedes to comply with EU 2025 rules

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - bdnews24

Corporates will be encouraged to enter stock market, says finance advisor

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - Reuters

UK 30-year borrowing costs rise to highest since 1998

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - AgWeb

One Company's Unique Way To Defer Capital Gains Tax

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - MSN

Even With an Office Glut, Firms Can't Find the Kind of Space They Want

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - Kiplinger

Why Small Business in 2025 Should Have You Excited

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - CIO

Battle bots: RPA and agentic AI

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - Forbes

Unlocking Growth: How To Support Small-Business Owners In 2025

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - MoneyWeek

How investors are protecting themselves from increased capital gains tax

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - MSN

Is Coors Field the model for publicly financed st .. um success? How the Monforts struck gold in LoDo.

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - whmi

Cleary Names Four New Executive Leaders To Board Of Trustees

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - MSN

Best Cryptos to Buy and Hold in January 2025: 5 Coins Every Smart Investor Should Choose

[ Tue, Jan 07th ] - Forbes

New EU Rules Could Threaten Your Security - What You Need To Know

Mon, January 6, 2025

[ Mon, Jan 06th ] - Forbes

7 Leaders Predict Small Business Trends For 2025

[ Mon, Jan 06th ] - Mint

Stocks to Watch: IndiGo, ICICI Securities, Power Grip, Capilin Point, and more

[ Mon, Jan 06th ] - Mint

Why q-commerce is driving more new-age brands to tap alternative financiers

[ Mon, Jan 06th ] - Reuters

Trump denies report that his team is eyeing pared-back tariffs

[ Mon, Jan 06th ] - MSN

Why Singapore now has a delicate balance of power amongst office landlords and tenants

If You're One of the 4.1 Million People Retiring in 2025, Open a CD Before Rates Decrease

_{//business-finance.news-articles.net/content/202 .. ing-in-2025-open-a-cd-before-rates-decrease.html}
^{Published in Business and Finance on Saturday, January 11th 2025 at 6:20 GMT by Investopedia}

If you're one of the 4.1 million U.S. adults retiring in 2025, and you don't have a robust retirement account, consider opening a CD to take advantage of high rates before they drop.

The article from Investopedia discusses the impending retirement of approximately 4 million Americans in 2025 and advises them to consider opening a Certificate of Deposit (CD) before interest rates potentially decrease. It highlights that with the Federal Reserve possibly cutting rates, the current high yields on CDs could soon diminish. CDs are presented as a low-risk investment option, offering fixed interest rates for a set period, which can be beneficial for retirees looking to secure their savings with predictable returns. The article explains that while CDs might not offer the highest returns compared to other investments, their stability and the current high rates make them particularly attractive for those nearing or in retirement. It also notes the importance of timing, suggesting that acting before any rate cuts could lock in higher yields, providing a cushion against inflation and market volatility.

Read the Full Investopedia Article at:
[ https://www.investopedia.com/if-you-are-one-of-the-4-million-people-retiring-in-2025-open-a-cd-before-rates-decrease-8772883 ]

Publication Contributing Sources